DNS resolves machine names to IP addresses.
When a DNS lookup is placed by a client ( to obtain the IP of a named target machine ), DNS returns the IP to the client. The client will then be able to connect to the target using the returned IP address.
To speed up further connections, the client also stores the result in cache, as a DNS query will check the cache before passing the query to a DNS server to resolve.
If a target changed it's IP after the clients initial DNS query, the cache would hold an incorrect reference ( the old IP obtained from it's DNS lookup ). The client would then be attempting to connect to an incorrect IP & therefore fail to hit the target.
Flushing DNS empties the cache. When the client then tries to lookup the target again, it has no references to the name in the empty cache, so; it has to resort to a query of the DNS server again.
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http://uk.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20070607015618AAe3K2S
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